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Important Pioneers and Theorists
=PIONEERS = =In academical means, he was the first physician in the world to be identified as a child psychiatrist, founder of the first academical child psychiatry department at Johns Hopkins University Hospital and his first textbook, Child Psychiatry in1935, was the first English language textbook to focus on the psychiatric problems of children. His seminal 1943paper, “Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact”, together with the work of Hans Asperger, forms the basis of the modern study of autism. = = = || =Ironically, as a child Hans Asperger appears to have exhibited features of the very condition named after him. Asperger died before his identification of this pattern of behavior became widely recognized because his work was mostly in German and little-translated. The first person to use the term “Asperger’s Syndrome” in a paper was British researcher Lorna Wing. Her paper, Asperger’s syndrome: a clinical account, was published in 1981 and challenged the previously accepted model of autism presented by Leo Kanner in 1943. = = = || =Stanley Greenspan was a clinical professor of Psychiatry, Behavioral Science, and Pediatrics at George Washington University Medical School and a practicing child psychiatrist. He was best known for developing the influential Floortime approach for treating children with autistic spectrum disorders.The developmental model Greenspan formulated guides the care and treatment of children and infants with developmental and mental health disorders, and his work has led to the formation of regional councils and networks in most major American cities. = ||
 * [[image:Leo Kanner.jpg align="center" caption="1894-1981"]] || =Leo Kanner introduced the label early infantile autism in 1943. He was an Austrian psychiatrist and physician known for his work related to autism. Kanner’s work formed the foundation of child and adolescent psychiatry in the U.S. and worldwide. =
 * [[image:mait2013/Hans Asperger.jpg width="192" height="127" align="center" caption="1906-1980"]] || =Hans Asperger was the Austrian pediatrician after whom Asperger’s Syndrome is named. Born in Vienna, Asperger published the first definition of Asperger’s Syndrome in 1944. In four boys, he identified a pattern of behavior and abilities that he called “autistic psychopathy,” meaning autism (self) and psychopathy (personality). The pattern included “a lack of empathy, little ability to form friendships, one-sided conversation, intense absorption in a special interest, and clumsy movements.” Asperger called children with AS “little professors,” because of their ability to talk about their favorite subject in great detail. =
 * [[image:mait2013/Stanley Greenspan.jpg align="center" caption="1941-2010"]] || = =

=THEORISTS =
 * [[image:tedcarr.jpg width="212" height="132" align="center" caption="Click on picture for video" link="@http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-kkocTdn0iY"]]

For the article "//The Motivation of Self-Injurious Behavior: A Review of Some Hypothesis"// click here
|| =Edward Gary Carr, (Ted) – 2009 was a professor of psychology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He conducted foundational studies about the functions that self-injurious behaviors served and contributed substantially to the development and refinement of methods known as “positive behavioral supports.” In addition, he assessed the benefits of teaching sign language to children with serious language problems such as Autism. = =Early in his career, Professor Carr began examining alternative explanations for self-injurious behavior among individuals with Autism, publishing “The Motivation of Self-injurious Behavior: A Review of Some Hypotheses” in the prestigious journal, Psychological Bulletin in 1977. Over the ensuing years he and colleagues increased the understanding of how self-injurious and other problem behavior might operate on the children’s environments, in effect serving a communicative function. He and others used this knowledge to develop and refine the procedures of functional behavior assessment. The work on humane means of reducing problem behaviors led Professor Carr and others to promote the methods of positive behavioral supports. = || =Gillian Hayes is an expert in the field of human-computer interaction - how technology can be a tool to understand people and improve their lives - with a focus on autism which affects nearly one in 88 American children. Her work coincides with a growing acceptance of technology that aids those with autism, as reflected by a seemingly endless array of electronic applications. An April Los Angeles Times article on the subject noted that a search of the Apple App Store yielded 1,449 products for the iPad and 1,259 for the iPhone. "Mobile apps have the potential to address a wide range of issues related to autism," Hayes says, "from providing a voice for those who can't speak to increasing independent living and employment skills." = =The autism app craze started with the iPhone but really took off with the iPad, which has a larger footprint that's easier for children to use. With apps now available on a wide variety of tablets and smartphones, the trend continues. There are apps to improve communication, time recognition, and management, while others deliver educational lessons. More and more tackle personal concerns, such as hygiene and social interaction. For parents of children with autism, finding the STAR researchers and students review and test autism technologies, and if they identify a need that's not being met, they'll generate new ones. Their projects have included apps for hygiene, activity planning, and other tools that address social skills and caregiver concerns. To provide a commercial channel for these creations, Hayes founded Tiwahe Technology. Originally conceived to bring her doctoral dissertation work to market, the firm offers design and consulting services for autism and other assistive and educational products. = || ==The author of over two hundred scientific articles and chapters in multidimensional signal modeling, computer vision, pattern recognition, machine learning, human-computer interaction, and affective computing, Picard is an international leader in envisioning and creating innovative technology. She holds multiple patents, having designed and developed a variety of new sensors, algorithms, and systems for sensing, recognizing, and responding respectfully to human affective information, with applications in autism, epilepsy, autonomic nervous system disorders, sleep, stress, human and machine learning, health behavior change, market research, customer service, and human-computer interaction. == ==Picard interacts regularly with industry and has consulted for companies such as Apple, AT&T, BT, HP, i.Robot, and Motorola. She is a popular keynote speaker and has given over 100 keynote talks. Her group's achievements have been featured in forums for the general public such as The New York Times, The London Independent, National Public Radio, Scientific American Frontiers, ABC's Nightline and World News Tonight with Peter Jennings, Time, Vogue, Wired, Voice of America Radio, New Scientist, and BBC's "The Works" and "The Big Byte." == ||
 * [[image:mait2013/Gillian Hayes.jpg width="192" height="144" align="center" caption="Click on picture for video" link="@http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQ5mPzxfy7g"]] || = =
 * [[image:Rosaling Picard.jpg caption="Click on picture for video" link="@http://youtu.be/lrkOSf1fjWA"]] || ==Professor Rosalind W. Picard, Sc.D. is founder and director of the [|Affective Computing Research Group] at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab and co-director of the [|Things That Think Consortium], the largest industrial sponsorship organization at the lab. She is also co-founder of [|Affectiva, Inc.], delivering technology to help measure and communicate emotion.Picard holds a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering with highest honors from the Georgia Institute of Technology, and master's and doctorate degrees, both in electrical engineering and computer science, from MIT. She became internationally known for constructing mathematical texture models for content-based retrieval of images, for creating new tools such as the Photobook system, and for pioneering methods of automated search and annotation in digital video. ==

Videos
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"The Bloom of the Mind"
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 * = [[file:Humans, Machines, and Conversations Article.pdf]] ||= [[file:The Effect of Picture Communication Symbols on the Verbal Comprehension of Commands by Young Children with Autism.pdf]] ||= [[file:Autism, AAC, and Proloquo2Go.pdf]] ||
 * = [[image:tech_flowers52__01__630x420.jpg width="945" height="630" align="center"]] ||